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Table 1 Comparison of the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients in the primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS), secondary SS (sSS), and non-SS (NSS) groups

From: Clinical and laboratory evaluation of sicca complaints: distinctive aspects of primary, secondary and non-Sjogren syndrome

Variables

pSS

sSS

NSS

p value

Age (years)

 N = 198, 149 and 163

54.2 ± 14.3

53.1 ± 13.5

54.7 ± 15.1

0.63

Sex ratio (F:M)

 N = 198, 149 and 163

24.4:1

16.4:1

7.7:1

0.96

DES (AECG criteria)

 N = 198, 146 and 163

  % of positivity

96.5

97.9

86.5

0.34

DMS (AECG criteria)

 N = 197, 146 and 161

  % of positivity

97.9

90.4

82

0.16

Clinical exams

 OSDI questionnaire

  N = 59, 40, 34

   % of positivity > 12

99

94

97

0.7

   Mean ± SD

48.7 ± 22.2 (14–91)

46.5 ± 20.9 (15–91)

45.4 ± 21.1 (0–84)

0.63

CFS ≥ 3

 N = 179, 91 and 79

  % of positivity

51.9

31.5

24.5

0.013*

Schirmer’s test (mm/5 min)

 N = 185, 116 and 122 % of positivity

51.9

50.4

25*

0.014*

  Mean ± SD

10.2 ± 10.4

10.1 ± 10.8

15.2 ± 11.4

0.11

TFBUT (sec)

 N = 157, 108 and 105

  % of positivity

84.7

75.9

78.4

0.09

  Mean ± SD

3.7 ± 3.0

4.3 ± 3.2

4.9 ± 3.5

0.07

UWSF (ml/min)

 N = 172, 114 and 99

  % of positivity

69.8

65.8

38.4

0.42

  Mean ± SD

0.13 ± 0.20

0.14 ± 0.201

0.22 ± 0.21*

0.029*

Lab exams

 Anti-Ro (SSa) (IU/ml)

  N = 198, 144 and 151

   % of positivity

79

65.3

9.9*

 < 0.0001*

   Mean ± SD

121.3 ± 77.6

99.6 ± 87.0

19.1 ± 47.1*

 < 0.0001*

Anti-La (SSb) (IU/ml)

 N = 186, 132 and 138

  % of positivity

43.5

28

4.4*

 < 0.0001*

  Mean ± SD

51.0 ± 65.4

35.0 ± 61.9

8.3 ± 22.1*

 < 0.0001*

RF

 N = 180, 117 and 126

  % of positivity

41.7

55.5

12.7*

 < 0.0001*

ANA

 N = 193, 137 and 143

  % of positivity

68.4

82.5

30.8

 < 0.0001*

Cryoglobulinaemia

 N = 162, 60 and 55

  % of positivity

3.7

0

7.1

0.09

C3 (< 0.9 g/l)

 N = 185, 103 and 75

  % of positivity

14.1

36.9&

12

 

  Mean ± SD

1.23 ± 0.31

1.03 ± 0.34&

1.18 ± 0.29

 < 0.001&

C4 (< 0.1 g/l)

 N = 185, 103 and 76

  % of positivity

13.5

21.4

9.2

 

  Mean ± SD

0.24 ± 0.12

0.24 ± 0.21

0.26 ± 0.20

0.07

LDH (> 460 IU/l)

 N = 129, 109 and 84

% of positivity

9.3

24.7&

11.9

 

  Mean ± SD

305.6 ± 115.5

411 ± 114.3&

364.8 ± 101.3

0.009&

B2M (> 2585 ng/ml)

 N = 175, 75 and 66

% of positivity

41.7

56

21*

 

  Mean ± SD

2932 ± 2304

3183 ± 1461

2229 ± 847.6*

 < 0.001*

γ fraction (> 1.79 g/dl)

 N = 191, 125 and 112

% of positivity

41.4

28.8

8*

 

  Mean ± SD

1.53 ± 0.65

1.63 ± 0.69

1.27 ± 0.47*

 < 0.001*

LSG biopsy

 N = 176, 110 and 120

FS ≥ 1

161

79

21

 

  % of positivity

91.4

71.8

17.5

 < 0.0001

  1. Values reported as means ± SD were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc test when differences were observed among the groups. P-values were adjusted using FDR (False Discovery Rate) method and p < 0.05 was considered significant
  2. B2M β2 microglobulins, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, γ fraction Gamma fraction, UWSF unstimulated whole salivary flow, LSG Labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsy, FS focus score
  3. *p < 0.05 for the comparison of the NSS group to the pSS and sSS groups
  4. &p < 0.05 for the comparison of the sSS group to the pSS and NSS groups
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Advances in Rheumatology

ISSN: 2523-3106