Table 1 Characteristics of patients and intervention in included studies

Jia E

2021

Single-blind

E: 70 (97.14)

C: 70 (97.14)

E: 42.13

C: 41.41

28 days

Diclofenac 75 mg BID (1–7 days),

Diclofenac 75 mg QD (8–28 days) for the remission period

E: Febuxostat 40 mg QD (1–28 days),

C: Placebo (1–7 days) + Febuxostat 40 mg QD (1–28 days)

4/5

M

1. Duration of acute gout

2. Joint pain (1, 3, 5, 7 days)

3. Joint swelling (1, 3, 5, 7 days)

4. Joint tenderness (1, 3, 5, 7 days)

5. Joint erythema (1, 3, 5, 7 days)

6. The rate of resolution within 7 days

7. CRP (7 days)

8.ESR (7 days)

9.SUA (7 days)

10.gout flares (8–28 days)

1. = 0.578

2. > 0.05

3. > 0.05

4. > 0.05

5. > 0.05

6. = 0.284

7. = 0.513

8. = 0.610

9. = 0.000

10. = 0.492

Hill Erica M

2015

Double-blind

E: 16 (87.5)

C: 19 (100)

E: 60.63

C: 53.11

28 days

Colchicine or NSAIDs

E: allopurinol 100 mg QD (1–14 days), allopurinol 200 mg QD (15–28 days)

C: Placebo (1–28 days)

5/5

M

1.SUA

2.VAS

3. Gout flares

4. Duration of acute gout

1. = 0.012

2. N/R

3. N/R

4. = 0.13

Taylor Thomas H

2012

Double-blind

E: 31 (100)

C: 26 (100)

E: 58

C: 62

30 days

Indomethacin 50 mg TID (1–10 days) + colchicine 0.6 mg BID (1–90 days)

E: allopurinol 300 mg QD (1–30 days)

C: Placebo (1–10 days) + allopurinol 300 mg QD (11–30 days)

5/5

M

1. VAS

2. ESR (1, 3, 10, 30 days)

3. hs-CRP (1, 3, 10, 30 days)

4. SUA (1 days)

5. SUA (3 days, 10 days)

6. SUA (30 days)

7.gout flares (1–30 days)

1. = 0.62

2. > 0.05

3. > 0.05

4. = 0.759

5. < 0.001

6. = 0.423

7. = 0.61

Sun Ruixia

2020

NR

E: 30 ( −)

C: 26 ( −)

E: 41

C: 44.50

12 weeks

Etoricoxib for one week (120 mg per day for 3 days and then 60 mg per day for 4 days)

E: Febuxostat 40 mg QD (1–28 days),

C: Placebo (1–14 days) + Febuxostat 40 mg QD (1–28 days)

3/5

L

1. Gout flares (12 weeks)

2.VAS (1–14 days)

3. CRP (1, 3, 7, 14 days)

4. ESR (1, 3, 7, 14 days)

5. Interleukin-1β (1, 3, 7, 14 days)

6. tumor necrosis factor-α (1, 3, 7, 14 days)

7. SUA (3, 7, 14 days)

1. = 0.45

2. > 0.05

3. > 0.05

4. > 0.05

5. > 0.05

6. > 0.05

7. < 0.05

Fraser R. C

1987

Double-blind

E: 47 ( −)

C: 46 ( −)

–

225 days

–

E: azapropazone 600 mg tid (1–4 day), azapropazone 600 mg BID (5–225 day)

C: − 

5/5

M

1. Gout flares (1–8 months)

2. SUA (4 days, 1–8 months)

1. = NR

2. < 0.05 (4 days and 28 days), > 0.05 (2–8 months)