Chronic use of hydroxychloroquine did not protect against COVID-19 in a large cohort of patients with rheumatic diseases in Brazil

Table 5 Final logistic regression model regarding rheumatic disease patients enrolled at baseline

Variables	Binary analyses			Multivariate analyses
Variables	No symptoms N = 4029 n (%)	Clinical Covid-19 N = 169 n (%)	p	OR (95% CI)	P****
Influenza vaccine within last 30 days	1235 (30.7)	39 (23.1)	0.034**	0.676 (0.465; 0.984)	0.041
IV Methylprednisolone (pulse)	21 (0.5)	2 (1.2)	0.236***
Glucocorticoids
No	2555 (63.9)	97 (58.1)	0.004**	1	-
< 10 mg/day	1099 (27.5)	43 (25.7)		0.965 (0.662; 1.41)	0.854
> = 10 mg/day	343 (8.6)	27 (16.2)		2.07 (1.33; 3.22)	0.001
scDMARDs	1875 (46.5)	84 (49.7)	0.419**
Biological or tsDMARDs	120 (3)	7 (4.1)	0.387**
RA	317 (7.9)	16 (9.5)	0.466**
MCTD	56 (1.4)	2 (1.2)	> 0.99***
SS	39 (0.9)	4 (2.4)	0.042***	3.81 (1.31; 11.05)	0.014
SLE	3304 (82)	134 (79.3)	0.414**
IM	26 (0.6)	1 (0.6)	0.703***
OA	60 (1.5)	1 (0.6)	0.518***
pSjS	150 (3.79)	6 (3.6)	0.560***
Another RD	55 (1.4)	4 (2.4)	0.299***

Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05)
RA, Rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, Systemic lupus erythematous; RD, Rheumatic diseases; MCTD, Mixed connective tissue disease; SS, Systemic sclerosis; IM, Inflammatory myopathies; OA, Osteoarthritis; pSjS, Primary Sjögren syndrome; sc, synthetic conventional; ts, target-specific; DMARDs, Disease Activity-Modifying Drugs; Model 3, Outcome is COVID-19 diagnosis, according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health criteria; y, years; SD, standard deviation; med., median; min., minimum; max., maximum
^*Mann–Whitney test; **Chi-square test; ***Fischer’s exact test; ****Wald test by final logistic regression model

ISSN: 2523-3106