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Table 5 Comparison between Latin American and European patients *

From: Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage in Latin American patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional and comparative study

 

Latin America (1130)

Europe (744)

Difference (95% CI)

P Value

Age, years (SD)

37.9 (11.3)

42.7 (11)

4.8 (3.8–5.9)

< 0.001

Female

1096 (97)

711 (95.6)

1.4 (−0.3–3,4)

0.13

Patients > 50 years

171 (15.1)

174 (23.4)

8.2 (4.6–12)

< 0.001

Disease duration > 7 years

525 (46.5)

426 (57.2)

10.8 (6.2–15.3)

< 0.001

Immunosuppressors a

972 (86)

546 (73.4)

12.6 (8.9–16.4)

< 0.001

SLE activity b

674 (59.6)

395 (53.1)

6.6 (2.0–11.1)

0.004

Corticosteroid use c

445 (39.4)

249 (33.5)

5.9 (1.5–10.3)

0.009

Hydroxychloroquine

858 (75.9)

492 (66.1)

9.8 (5.6–14.0)

< 0.001

Smoking d

209 (18.5)

219 (29.4)

10.9 (7–14.9)

< 0.001

Chronic renal disease

202 (17.9)

104 (14)

3.9 (0.5–7.2)

0.02

Chronic respiratory disease

149 (13.2)

124 (16.7)

3.5 (0.2–6.9)

0.04

Chronic cardiac disease

110 (9.7)

64 (8.6)

1.13 (−1.6–3.7)

0.39

Diabetes

72 (6.4)

20 (2.7)

3.7 (1.8–5.5)

< 0.001

> 1 risk factors for pneumonia e

733 (64.9)

556 (74.7)

9.9 (5.6–14.0)

< 0.001

Influenza

482 (42.7)

367 (49.3)

6.7 (2.1–11.3)

0.005

Pneumococcal

282 (25)

271 (36.4)

11.5 (7.2–15.7)

< 0.001

Influenza and pneumococcal

222 (19.6)

202 (27.2)

7.5 (3.6–11.5)

< 0.001

Tetanus

424 (37.5)

366 (49.2)

11.7 (7.1–16.2)

< 0.001

No influenza and no pneumococcal

588 (52)

308 (41.4)

10.6 (6.0–15.2)

< 0.001

Incomplete vaccination f

998 (88.3)

620 (83.3)

5.0 (1.8–8.3)

0.002

Lack of medical prescription g

645 (64.6)

392 (63.2)

1.4 (−3.4–6.2)

0.06

Rejection by patients g

127 (12.7)

114 (18.4)

5.7 (2.1–9.4)

0.007

Not available/ cost issues g

113 (11.3)

26 (4.2)

7.1 (4.5–9.6)

< 0.001

Others g

164 (16.4)

110 (17.7)

1.3 (−5.2–2.4)

0.90

  1. * Except where indicated otherwise, values are the number (%) of patients. SD: Standard deviation, SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  2. aNot including corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine
  3. bSLE activity was defined as the presence of flares-up diagnosed by a doctor during the previous 6 months
  4. cCorticosteroid use was defined as use of prednisone ≥7.5 mg daily or equivalent during the last month
  5. dSmoking was defined as currently smoking or having quit < 6 months ago
  6. eRisk factors for pneumonia assessed were: age > 50 years, diabetes, current use of immunosuppressors, daily dose of prednisone > 7.5 mg or equivalent during the last month, SLE activity, and the coexistence of chronic cardiac, respiratory or renal disease
  7. fIncludes those who reported not having received at least one of the vaccines (flu, pneumonia or tetanus)
  8. gThe percentage was calculated using the number of non-vaccinated as the denominator
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Advances in Rheumatology

ISSN: 2523-3106