Disease activity is associated with LV dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients without clinical cardiovascular disease

Table 4 Echocardiographic parameters and systolic global longitudinal strain of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and age and sex-matched control subjects

Parameters	Patients	Controls	P-value
LV end-diastolic volume index^a (mL/m²)	52 ± 8	54 ± 7	0.10
LV end-systolic volume index^a (mL/m²)	22 ± 5	24 ± 4	0.38
LV ejection fraction^a	57 ± 4	56 ± 3	0.50
Left atrial volume index (mL/m²)	26 ± 6	24 ± 5	0.67
LV mass index (gm/m²) (M-mode)	74 ± 8	76 ± 12	0.40
LV mass index (gm/m²) (2D-method)	72 ± 7	75 ± 10	0.09
LV hypertrophy^b	0	0	NS
LV diastolic dysfunction^c	0	0	NS
Average E’ (septal and lateral) (cm/s)	12.4 ± 2.5	13.1 ± 3.2	0.2
E/E’	6.2 ± 1.6	6.8 ± 2.1	0.35
Systolic global longitudinal strain (%)	17.6 ± 3.4	20.4 ± 2.2	0.03

E’ Mitral annulus tissue velocity curing early diastole, E Peak mitral inflow velocity during early diastole
NS Not significant
^aModified Simpson’s method
^bAccording to 2015 American Society of Echocardiography: recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography
^cAccording to 2016 American Society of Echocardiography: recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography

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