Table 1 Etiologic factors in erythema nodosum
From: Panniculitides of particular interest to the rheumatologist
Infections | Pancreatic carcinoma |
Streptococcal infections | Medications |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Estrogens/oral contraceptive pills |
Gastroenteritis due to Yersinia, Salmonella, and Campylobacter | Penicillin |
Deep fungal infections: Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Sporotrichosis, Aspergillosis | Minocycline |
Chlamydia pneumoniae | Sulfonamides |
Chlamydia trachomatis | Halogens (bromides, iodides) |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections | Salicylates |
Cat-scratch disease | Chlorothiazides |
Syphilis | Phenytoin |
Infectious mononucleosis | Thalidomide |
Herpes simplex | Underlying disease processes |
Cytomegalovirus infections | Sarcoidosis (Lofgren’s syndrome) |
Hepatitis B (infection or vaccine) | Crohn’s disease |
Hepatitis C infection | Ulcerative colitis |
Epstein–Barr virus | Behçet’s disease |
Protozoal infections: Toxoplasmosis, Ancylostomiasis, Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Ascariasis | Sweet’s syndrome |
Malignancy | Reiter’s syndrome |
Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Takayasu’s arteritis |
Acute myelogenous leukemia | Hormonal states |
Carcinoid tumor | Pregnancy |