Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors for the development of digital ulcers
From: Risk of digital ulcers occurrence in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
Variable | Active ulcers | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 14) | No (n = 56) | P value | P value | Odds Ratio (95%CI) | |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 41.21 ± 13.97 | 48.18 ± 11.86 | 0.078 | ||
Gender (F/M), n | 11/3 | 54/2 | 0.020 | ||
RP duration (years) | 3.86 ± 5.36 | 5.41 ± 6.34 | 0.533 | ||
Disease duration | 7.50 ± 6.29 | 9.89 ± 6.21 | 0.089 | ||
Cutaneous subset (Diffuse/Limited), n | 11/3 | 14/42 | 0.003 | ||
Modified Rodnan score, mean ± SD | 24.29 ± 11.44 | 10.32 ± 8.30 | < 0.001 | ||
Calcinosis, n (%) | 2 (14.3) | 11 (19.6) | 0.004 | ||
Puffy fingers, n (%) | 2 (14.3) | 11 (19.6) | 0.645 | ||
Digital pitting scars, n (%) | 14 (100.0) | 14 (25.0) | < 0.001 | ||
Necrosis or amputation, n (%) | 3 (21.4) | 1 (1.8) | 0.005 | ||
Telangiectasia, n (%) | 8 (57.1) | 30 (53.6) | 0.810 | ||
Arthritis, n (%) | 4 (28.6) | 16 (28.6) | 1.000 | ||
Hand flexion contracture, n (%) | 5 (35.7) | 5 (8.9) | 0.010 | ||
Esophageal involvement, n (%) | 11 (78.6) | 42 (75.0) | 0.780 | ||
Interstitial lung involvement, n (%) | 3 (21.4) | 31 (55.4) | 0.023 | ||
PAH, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (12.5) | 0.163 | ||
Diastolic dysfunction, n (%) | 7 (50.0) | 10 (17.9) | 0.012 | ||
Renal crisis, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.4) | 0.376 | ||
ACA, n (%) | 2 (14.3) | 25 (44.6) | 0.037 | ||
Anti-Scl-70, n (%) | 11 (78.6) | 10 (17.9) | < 0.001 | 0.024 | 7.96 (1.32–47.99) |
Anti-RNA polymerase III, n (%) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (5.4) | 0.246 | ||
IgG anti-annexin V, n (%) | 3 (21.4) | 8 (14.3) | 0.669 | ||
IgM anti-annexin V, n (%) | 1 (7,1) | 9 (16.1) | 0.866 | ||
Endothelin-1 serum levels (pg/ml) | 2.56 ± 1.09 | 1.91 ± 1.89 | 0.003 | ||
ESR (mmHg) | 34.00 ± 14.16 | 29.63 ± 20.14 | 0.163 | ||
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 10.53 ± 8.51 | 8.38 ± 9.10 | 0.209 | ||
Summed MDSS score (range 0–10) | 9.21 ± 2.00 | 5.09 ± 2.74 | < 0.001 | ||
RCS (score 0–10) | 7.93 ± 0.62 | 4.61 ± 2.03 | < 0.001 | ||
Duration of RP attacks (minutes) | 51.43 ± 25.19 | 16.57 ± 9.70 | < 0.001 | ||
Number of RP attacks | 4.85 ± 1.88 | 2.21 ± 1.33 | < 0.001 | ||
HAQ-DI (score 0–3) | 1.42 ± 0.34 | 0.61 ± 0.43 | < 0.001 | 0.023 | 55.77 (1.76–1764.28) |
SHAQ VAS for RP | 7.93 ± 0.61 | 4.61 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 | ||
SHAQ VAS for digital ulcers | 6.57 ± 0.85 | 2.63 ± 1.84 | < 0.001 | ||