Table 1 Characteristics of studies looking at risk factors for CMV disease in SLE patients
From: Risk factors for cytomegalovirus disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a systematic review
| Â | Yu Xue (2016) [29] | W.P Tsai (2012) [22] |
|---|---|---|
Number of SLE patients with CMV disease (n and %) | Not known | 38/38 (100%) |
Number of SLE patients in study population (n and %) | 52/142 (36.6%) | 20/38 (52.5%) SLE patients are CMV positive |
Study type | CS | CS |
Study Duration (years) | 8 | Not stated |
Quality review | 0.82 | 0.75 |
Country | China | Taiwan |
Gender (% females) | 81% | 77.7% |
Age (years) | Mean (SD): Asymptomatic: 52.0 (14.7) Symptomatic: 48.5 (16.7) | CMV SLE group: 35.6 (12.0 SD) Non-CMV SLE group: 31.7 (11.0 SD) |
How CMV disease was diagnosed | Positive CMV DNA PCR AND CMV pneumonia: clinical and radiological findings | Positive CMV antigenemia (CMV pp65 antigenemia or CMV IgM) assay and any of the following: fever, malaise, leukopenia, Diarrhea, retinitis, pneumonia, or hepatitis, a tissue biopsy specimen with a CMV-positive culture or immunohisto-chemical staining, or a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimen (6 out of 21 patients) with a positive CMV shell vial culture or the detection of CMV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
Significant risk factors | - Male gender - SLE disease duration - Bacteria pneumonia - BUN - CD4+ T cell count - Co-infection - Creatinine - Elevated ALP, ALT - Fungal infection - Lymphocyte count - γ-GT - Cyclophosphamide - Cyclosporine - Immunosuppressants - Mycophenolate mofetil - Prednisolone average dose - Prednisolone use for recent 3 months | - Prednisolone (mg/day) - Azathioprine (50-100 mg/day) use |
Non-significant factors | - Age - CD8+ T cell count - AST - Leukocyte count - Neutrophil count - Duration of prednisolone therapy (months) | - Age - Age of disease onset - Disease duration - Lymphocyte count - SLEDAI score on admission - Positive bacterial culture in blood or sputum |