Comparison of clinical features, disease activity, treatment and outcomes between late-onset and early-onset patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A sex- and year at diagnosis-matched controlled study

Table 5 Mortality and causes of death

Variables	Late-onset SLE (N = 62)	Early-onset SLE (N = 124)	p value
Cumulative incidence of death, n (%)	11 (17.7)	10 (8.1)	0.049
Incidence of death rate /100-person year (95% CI)	3.2 (1.8–5.8)	1.1 (0.6-2.0)	0.015
Predicted incidence of death rate/100-person year (95% CI)^a	9.1 (7.0-11.2)	3.2 (0.5–5.8)	0.037
Infection, n (%)	6 (54.5%)	4 (40.0%)
Cardiovascular disease, n (%)	1 (9.1%)	1 (10.0%)
Associated with SLE + infection, n (%)	3 (27.3%)	2 (20.0%)
Associated with SLE + cardiovascular disease, n (%)	0	1 (10.0%)
Retroperitoneal hematoma, n (%)	1 (9.1%)	0
Unknown, n (%)	0	2 (20.0%)

^a = adjusted by comorbidities at diagnosis (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and cerebrovascular disease), SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus

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