Study ID | Patients | Controls | Results | ||||||||||||
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References | Country | Study design | BDNF measurement protocol | Source (serum, plasma) | No. (type of SLE) | Diagnostic criteria | Age (mean ± SD), years | Female/male | BDNF levels (mean ± SD), pg/ml | No (Type of control) | Age (mean ± SD), years | Female/male | BDNF levels (mean ± SD), pg/ml | Investigated markers | Main significant findings |
Ikenouchi-Sugita et al. [26] | Japan | Cross-sectional | Emax Immuno- assey Kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) | Serum | 54 | ACR | 40.10 ± 1.98 | 49/5 | 15,984.4 ± 11,820.8 | 28 | 40.4 ± 2.08 | 25/3 | 11,440 ± 690 | BDNF | Serum BDNF levels were significantly increased in the NP group |
Fauchais et al. [27] | France | Cross-sectional | ELISA Kits | Serum | 26 | ACR | 44 ± 12 | 24/2 | 598.9 ± 129.8 | 26 | 24/2 | 326.10 ± 60.50 | BDNF NGF NT3 CH50 Anti-nuclear Ab/nDNA | They have demonstrated that both NGF and BDNF serum levels are higher in SLE patients than healthy controls | |
Tamashiro et al. [28] | Brazil | Cross- sectional + Longitudinal stage | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) | Plasma | 131 | ACR | 32.78 ± 12.36 | 120/11 | 3870.8066 ± 4793.3575 | 24 | 33 ± 9 | 15/9 | 2205.4269 ± 2938.6665 | BDNF ANA aPL Anti-ribosomal P protein Anti-dsDNA C3, C4 | BDNF levels were increased in inactive NPSLE when compared with active SLE and controls |
Zheng et al. [30] | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) | Serum | 208 | SDI score, SLEDAI-2 K score, VAS score | 55.70 ± 10.45 | 190/18 | 33,654.3 ± 9032.9 | 100 | 55.70 ± 10.53 | 0/0 | 14,694.4 ± 4438 | BDNF EGFR Anti-dsDNA ANA Anti-sm antibody CRP C3 C4 | The serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in SLE patients as compared to normal controls The serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in depression patients at the time of admission as compared with patients without depression |
Kalinowska-Łyszczarz et al. [29] | Poland | Cohort | ELISA Kits (Multi-Neurotrophin Rapid Screening ELISA Kit) | Serum | 38 (BDNF was detected in 33 patients) | ACR | 40 ± 12 | 36/2 | 424.8199 ± 676.239 | 39 BDNF was detected in 38 patients) | 1766.9266 ± 1161.4063 | BDNF NGF NT3 NT4/5 | BDNF levels were reduced in NPSLE compared to the healthy population | ||
Noris-GarCia et al. [32] | Cuba | Cross-sectional | ELISA Kit (BDNF ELISA, Promega, Charbonnieres, France) | Serum | 47 | ACR-97 | 47 ± 11 | 45/2 | 4210 ± 1783.4 | 20 | 47 ± 13 | 16/4 | 4494 ± 1739.3 | BDNF S100B ANA Anti-dsDNA Anti-cardiolipin antibodies, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies | BDNF levels were significantly decreased in active SLE, when compared with inactive SLE |
Tian et al. [33] | China | Cross-sectional | ELISA (DBNT00, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) | Serum | 50 | ACR | 31.9 ± 14.9 | 45/5 | 14,742.5 ± 7620.9 | 30 | 33,116.5 ± 7146.5 | BDNF TrkB expression | Serum BDNF levels in SLE patient were decreased when compared to the controls BDNF level was increased in inactive SLE group compared to the active SLE group | ||
Alessi et al. [31] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | ELISA (Norcross, GA, USA) | Serum | 111 | SLICC | 38.28 ± 10.64 | 102/9 | 788,651.4 ± 458,815.5 | 57 | 41.6 ± 11.1 | 48/9 | 1,345,500 ± 438,400 | BDNF Anti-sm antibodies, ANA, Anti-LA/SSB Anti-Ro/SSA Anti-P Anti-DNA Anti-RNP | Serum BDNF levels were lower in SLE and NPSLE patients than control group |