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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies

From: Blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study ID

Patients

Controls

Results

 

References

Country

Study design

BDNF measurement protocol

Source (serum, plasma)

No. (type of SLE)

Diagnostic criteria

Age (mean ± SD), years

Female/male

BDNF levels

(mean ± SD), pg/ml

No

(Type of control)

Age (mean ± SD), years

Female/male

BDNF levels

(mean ± SD), pg/ml

Investigated markers

Main significant findings

Ikenouchi-Sugita et al. [26]

Japan

Cross-sectional

Emax Immuno- assey

Kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA)

Serum

54

ACR

40.10 ± 1.98

49/5

15,984.4 ± 11,820.8

28

40.4 ± 2.08

25/3

11,440 ± 690

BDNF

Serum BDNF levels were significantly increased in the NP group

Fauchais et al. [27]

France

Cross-sectional

ELISA Kits

Serum

26

ACR

44 ± 12

24/2

598.9 ± 129.8

26

 

24/2

326.10 ± 60.50

BDNF

NGF

NT3

CH50

Anti-nuclear Ab/nDNA

They have demonstrated that both NGF and BDNF serum levels are higher in SLE patients than healthy controls

Tamashiro et al. [28]

Brazil

Cross- sectional

 + Longitudinal stage

ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA)

Plasma

131

ACR

32.78 ± 12.36

120/11

3870.8066 ± 4793.3575

24

33 ± 9

15/9

2205.4269 ± 2938.6665

BDNF

ANA

aPL

Anti-ribosomal P protein

Anti-dsDNA

C3, C4

BDNF levels were increased in inactive NPSLE when compared with active SLE and controls

Zheng et al. [30]

China

Cross-sectional

ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA)

Serum

208

SDI score,

SLEDAI-2 K score,

VAS score

55.70 ± 10.45

190/18

33,654.3 ± 9032.9

100

55.70 ± 10.53

0/0

14,694.4 ± 4438

BDNF

EGFR

Anti-dsDNA

ANA

Anti-sm antibody

CRP

C3

C4

The serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in SLE patients as compared to normal controls

The serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in depression patients at the time of admission as compared with patients without depression

Kalinowska-Łyszczarz et al. [29]

Poland

Cohort

ELISA Kits (Multi-Neurotrophin Rapid Screening ELISA Kit)

Serum

38

(BDNF was detected in 33 patients)

ACR

40 ± 12

36/2

424.8199 ± 676.239

39

BDNF was detected in 38 patients)

  

1766.9266 ± 1161.4063

BDNF

NGF

NT3

NT4/5

BDNF levels were reduced in NPSLE compared to the healthy population

Noris-GarCia et al. [32]

Cuba

Cross-sectional

ELISA Kit (BDNF ELISA, Promega, Charbonnieres, France)

Serum

47

ACR-97

47 ± 11

45/2

4210 ± 1783.4

20

47 ± 13

16/4

4494 ± 1739.3

BDNF

S100B

ANA

Anti-dsDNA

Anti-cardiolipin antibodies, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

BDNF levels were significantly decreased in active SLE, when compared with inactive SLE

Tian et al. [33]

China

Cross-sectional

ELISA (DBNT00, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA)

Serum

50

ACR

31.9 ± 14.9

45/5

14,742.5 ± 7620.9

30

  

33,116.5 ± 7146.5

BDNF

TrkB expression

Serum BDNF levels in SLE patient were decreased when compared to the controls

BDNF level was increased in inactive SLE group compared to the active SLE group

Alessi et al. [31]

Brazil

Cross-sectional

ELISA (Norcross, GA, USA)

Serum

111

SLICC

38.28 ± 10.64

102/9

788,651.4 ± 458,815.5

57

41.6 ± 

11.1

48/9

1,345,500 ± 438,400

BDNF

Anti-sm antibodies, ANA,

Anti-LA/SSB

Anti-Ro/SSA

Anti-P

Anti-DNA

Anti-RNP

Serum BDNF levels were lower in SLE and NPSLE patients than control group

  1. ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NGF Nerve growth factor, IGFBP1 Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, NPSLE Neuropsychiatry SLE, SLEDAI-2 K SLE disease activity index 2000, SDI Systemic lupus international collaborating/American College of Rheumatology damage index for SLE, SLICC Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria