Table 1 Characteristics of GCA diagnostic studies by CDU of temporal arteries using clinical diagnosis as a gold standard
Studies | Nr. patients | Gold standard | Arteries | Nr. ACG patients | Probe (MHz) | Follow-up | CDU findings | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schmdit [29] | 112 | ACR criteria, CD or TAB | TA | 30 (27%) | 10 | NR | Halo sign | 73% | 100% |
Halo sign/Stenosis/Occlusion | 93% | 93% | |||||||
Nesher [28] | 69 | CD or TAB | TA | 14 (20%) | 15 | 6 mos | Halo sign | 86% | 76% |
Salvarani [30] | 86 | ACR criteria, CD or TAB | TA | 20 (23%) | 10 | 13 mos | Halo sign | 35% | 79% |
Reinhard [31] | 68 | ACR criteria, CD or TAB | TA | 43 (52%) | 10 | NR | Halo sign | 60% | 100% |
Halo sign/occlusion | 65% | 100% | |||||||
Karahaliou [32] | 55 | CD or TAB | TA | 22 (40%) | 11 | 3 mos | Halo sign/stenosis | 82% | 91% |
Bley [33] | 59 | CD or TAB | TA | 36 (61%) | 10 | 6 mos | Halo sign | 67% | 91% |
Habib [34] | 32 | CD or TAB | TA | 16 (50%) | 10 | 3 mos | Halo sign | 81% | 88% |
Aschwanden [35] | 80 | CD, ACR criteria | TA | 43 (54%) | 17 | NR | Halo sign | 79% | 100% |
Stenosis | 13% | 100% | |||||||
Compression sign | 79% | 100% | |||||||
Diamantopoulus [27] | 88 | CD or TAB | TA, AX, carotid arteries | 46 (52%) | 13 | 6 mos | Halo sign | 96–100% | 91% |
Croft [36] | 87 | ACR criteria, CD, TAB | TA | 36 (41%) | 13 | 3 mos | Halo sign | 81% | 91% |
Luqmani [37] | 381 | CD | TA, AX | 257 (67%) | > 10 | 2 wks and 6 mos | Halo sign/ Stenosis/Occlusion | 54% | 81% |
Valera [38] | 451 | CD | TA, AX, Occ | 256 (56%) | 12 | NR | Halo sign | 92% | 99% |
Alarcon [39] | 52 | CD | TA | 22 (42%) | 15 | NR | Halo sign | 81.8% | 93% |
Conway [40] | 162 | CD, TAB | TA | 123 (75%) | 12 | 6 mos | Halo sign | 53% | 72% |
Hop [41] | 113 | CD | TA, AX, carotid arteries | 41 (36%) | 16 | 6 mos | Halo sign/occlusion | 76% | 93% |
Roncato [42] | 42 | CD | TA | 30 (71%) | 18 | 25.4 mos | Halo sign | 80% | 100% |
Zarka [43] | 198 | CD | TA | 60 (30%) | 18 | 6 mos | Halo sign/compression sign | 93.3% | 98.5% |
He [44] | 63 | CD | TA | 20 (31%) | 18 | NR | Halo sign | 55% | 95.3% |
Noumegni [45] | 80 | CD, ACR criteria | TA | 20 (25%) | 22 | NR | Halo sign | 80% | 80% |
Halo sign/compression sign | 80% | 81% | |||||||
Henri [46] | 198 | CD | TA, AX, Sbc | 87 (44%) | 22 | 6 mos | Halo sign | 89.3% | 97.3% |
Skoog [47] | 201 | CD | TA, AX | 83 (41%) | 18 | 6 mos | Halo sign | 86% | 99% |
Prearo [48] | 228 | CD confirmed by TAB or other imaging studies | TA, AX | 92 (40%) | 18 | NR | Halo sign/compression sign | 69.3% | 96.3% |