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Table 1 Clinical and epidemiological data, comparing cases and controls in the complete spondyloarthritis sample, according to axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA)

From: COVID-19 was not associated or trigger disease activity in spondylarthritis patients: ReumaCoV-Brasil cross-sectional data

 

Total (N = 353)

axSpA (n = 229)

PsA (N = 118))

Cases (n = 210)

Controls (n = 143)

p

Cases (n = 132)

Controls (n = 97)

p

Cases (n = 75)

Controls (n = 43)

p

n

%

N

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Male

112

57.4

83

42.6

0.382

77

53.5

67

46.5

0.096

35

70.0

15

30,0

0.213

Profession

 Health care, security, and education

46

70.8

19

29.2

0.038

33

67.3

16

32.7

0.114

12

80.0

3

20.0

0.250(a)

Work status—active

117

63.2

68

36.8

0.109

80

61.1

51

38.9

0.200

37

71.2

15

28.8

0.113

No social distancing

81

58.7

57

41.3

0.835

51

56.7

39

43.3

0.846

30

63.8

17

36.2

0.960

HLA-B27 positivity#

69

57.5

51

42.5

0.704

64

57.1

48

42.0

0.514

5

62.5

3

37.5

0.677(a)

Comorbidities, N (%)

 Hypertension

81

63.8

46

36.2

0.218

44

62.0

27

38.0

0.374

35

64.8

19

35.2

0.795

 Diabetes mellitus

32

62.7

19

37.3

0.609

12

52.2

11

47.8

0.576

20

71.4

8

28.6

0.322

 Obesity

31

62.0

19

38.0

0.696

16

64.0

9

36.0

0.495

15

62.5

9

37.5

0.904

 Cardiopathy

16

72.7

6

27.3

0.192

9

75.0

3

25.0

0.246(a)

7

70.0

3

30.0

0.745(a)

 Lung disease

12

92.3

1

7.7

0.018

9

90.0

1

10.0

0.047(a)

3

100.0

0

0

–

 Kidney disease

4

57.1

3

42.9

1.000

1

25.0

3

75.0

0.314(a)

3

100.0

0

0

–

 Others

57

59.4

39

40.6

0.979

33

58.9

23

41.1

0.823

22

57.9

16

42.1

0.378

Number of comorbidities

 None

70

52.2

64

47.8

0.030

50

50.5

49

49.5

0.056

20

60.6

13

39.4

0.678

 One or more

67

31.9

31

21.7

0.035

43

32.6

20

20.6

0.045

22

29.3

10

23.3

0.475

Current smoking

12

54.2

11

45.8

0.570

7

58.3

5

41.7

0.975

6

50.0

6

50.0

0.303

Oral corticosteroids

14

82.4

3

17.6

0.074

6

75.0

2

25.0

0.472(a)

8

100.0

0

0

0.027(a)

DMARDs

 TNF inhibitors

139

59.4

95

40.6

0.962

100

58.5

70

41.2

0.539

38

63.8

21

36.2

0.959

 IL17 inhibitors

28

56.0

22

44.0

0.587

11

47.8

12

52.2

0.315

17

63.0

10

37.0

0.942

 IL12/23 inhibitors

1

33.3

2

66.7

0.568

0

0

0

0

-

1

33.3

2

66.7

0.553(a)

 Leflunomide

11

68.6

5

31.3

0.440

1

50.0

1

50.0

1.000

10

71.4

4

28.6

0.571(a)

 Methotrexate

43

53.1

38

46.9

0.181

17

53.1

15

46.9

0.577

26

54.2

22

45.8

0.079

 Sulfasalazine

19

65.5

10

34.5

0.490

17

63.0

10

37.0

0.551

1

100.0

0

0

-

Age in years, mean (SD)(b)

48.4 (12.9)

 

48.4 (11.6)

 

0.964

45.8 (12.7)

 

45.4 (10.7)

 

0.801

52.5 (12.4)

 

55.0 (11.3)

 

0.270

Ab. circumference (cm), mean (SD) (b)

93.4 (15.3)

 

91.2 (15.2)

 

0.018

93.7 (14.8)

 

95.6 (15/3)

 

0.490

98.6 (13.0)

 

98.7 (6.0)

 

0.962

Weight (kg), mean (SD) (b)

74.1 (6.5)

 

71.8 (6.1)

 

0.006

79.3 (16.8)

 

80.7 (16.7)

 

0.591

79.9 (4.1)

 

78.3 (16.7)

 

0.616

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) (b)

28.7 (14.8)

 

28.0(9.4)

 

0.295

27.8 (5.1)

 

30.2 (18.3)

 

0.256

29.6 (5.3)

 

31.5 (18.2)

 

0.527

SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) (b)

124.8 (17.5)

 

125.4 (5.2)

 

0.546

125.1 (14.7)

 

130.0 (18.5)

 

0.062

129.5 (16.1)

 

131.3 (17.3)

 

0.623

DBP (mmHg), mean (SD)(b)

79.4 (11.0)

 

79.6 (11.6)

 

0.757

80.0 (11.1)

 

81.2 (11.6)

 

0.482

82.5 (10.5)

 

81.8 (11.4)

 

0.755

Disease duration (years), mean (SD)(b)

10.4(9,9)

 

11.4 (9,1)

 

0.325

9.9 (10.1)

 

11.2 (8.8)

 

0.322

11.1 (9,6)

 

11.8 (9,9)

 

0.716

  1. SD, standard deviation; Ab, abdominal; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressu
  2. #Calculated only for patients who had the exam available; p—descriptive level of the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test (a), Student's t (b) or Mann–Whitney test (c)