Dietetic intervention in psoriatic arthritis: the DIETA trial

Leite, Beatriz F.; Morimoto, Melissa A.; Gomes, Carina M. F.; Klemz, Barbara N. C.; Genaro, Patrícia S.; Shivappa, Nittin; Hébert, James R.; Damasceno, Nágila R. T.; Pinheiro, Marcelo M.

doi:10.1186/s42358-022-00243-6

Advances in Rheumatology

Table 3 Body composition measurements, food intake and physical activity before and after the 12-week nutrition intervention

From: Dietetic intervention in psoriatic arthritis: the DIETA trial

	Baseline	12-week	Difference	p intra group¹
Weight (kg)
Placebo	76.2 ± 15.8	75.8 ± 15.4	-0.4 ± 1.9	0.004
Diet-Fish	76.7 ± 14.4	74.9 ± 14.4	-1.79 ± 2.4	0.004
Diet-Placebo	78.3 ± 17.3	78.1 ± 16.8	-0.28 ± 3.2	0.004
p between groups²	0.82	0.82
Body Mass Index (kg/m²)
Placebo	28.9 ± 4.9	28.8 ± 4.8	-0.15 ± 0.7	0.01
Diet-Fish	29.8 ± 5.4	29.1 ± 5.4	- 0.69 ± 0.9	0.01
Diet-Placebo	30.0 ± 6.58	29.9 ± 6.5	-0.07 ± 1.4	0.01
p between groups²	0.76	0.76
Waist circumference (cm)
Placebo	101.0 ± 13.2	100.7 ± 13.1	-0.29 ± 1.8 ^A	0.65 ^a
Diet-Fish	104.0 ± 13.3	100.8 ± 12.8	-3.28 ± 3.5 ^B	< 0.001^a
Diet-Placebo	104.1 ± 14.3	102.3 ± 13.4	-1.81 ± 4.2	0.027 ^a
p between groups²	0.82	0.82
Total body fat mass (kg)
Placebo	35.0 ± 11.8	35.0 ± 11.4	-0.01 ± 2.2	0.99^a
Diet-Fish	40.1 ± 8.3	38.8 ± 8.7	-1.2 ± 2.2	0.006^a
Diet-Placebo	39.5 ± 13.7	40.6 ± 11.8	1.1 ± 5.2	0.82^a
p between groups²	0.25^b	0.15^b
Appendicular lean mass (kg)
Placebo	21.0 ± 5.7	21.0 ± 5.6	+ 0.01 ± 0.6	0.18
Diet-Fish	19.6 ± 4.8	19.5 ± 4.6	-0.2 ± 0.8	0.18
Diet-Placebo	20.4 ± 5.0	20.2 ± 5.1	-0.2 ± 1.0	0.18
p between groups	0.54	0.54
Fat mass index (kg/m²)
Placebo	13.0 ± 5.2	13.4 ± 5.2	0.3 ± 1.7^a	0.52^a
Diet-Fish	15.9 ± 4.3	15.2 ± 4.3	-0.6 ± 1.0^b	0.002^a
Diet-Placebo	14.8 ± 6.6	15.5 ± 6.2	0.7 ± 3.4	0.95^a
p between groups²	0.14^b	0.35^b
Appendicular lean mass/IMC² *
Placebo	0.73 ± 0.20	0.75 ± 0.19	+ 0.002 ± 0.02	0.59
Diet-Fish	0.67 ± 0.19	0.68 ± 0.18	+ 0.01 ± 0.02	0.59
Diet-Placebo	0.69 ± 0.20	0.70 ± 0.20	+ 0.006 ± 0.04	0.59
p between groups²	0.38	0.38
Diet
Energy intake (kcal/ kg)
Placebo	26 ± 12.7	25.9 ± 8.9	-0.9 ± 13.5	0.73
Diet-Fish	26.3 ± 10	25.1 ± 14.1	-0.96 ± 11.1	0.64
Diet-Placebo	26.1 ± 12.9	23.6 ± 12	-4.58 ± 10.8	0.04
p between groups²	0.43	0.43
Carbohydrate intake (g)
Placebo	265.5 ± 49.0	236.9 ± 32.3	- 28.6 ± 38.3	0.59
Diet-Fish	260.7 ± 54.3	226.1 ± 50.0	- 34.6 ± 38.4	0.59
Diet-Placebo	248.3 ± 45.1	230.7 ± 36.5	- 17.6 ± 51.0	0.59
p between groups²	0.38	0.38
Fat intake (g)
Placebo	60.1 ± 17.3	55.5 ± 10.2	- 4.6 ± 13.4	0.07
Diet-Fish	61.2 ± 15.1	59.8 ± 14.0	- 1.4 ± 11.8	0.52
Diet-Placebo	68.1 ± 18.6	56.8 ± 9.5	-11.4 ± 15.2	< 0.001
p between groups²	0.12	0.25
Protein intake (g)
Placebo	85.9 ± 17.8	92.2 ± 25.7	+ 6.3 ± 28.1	0.24
Diet-Fish	86.8 ± 16.7	86.2 ± 23.5	+ 0.6 ± 22.4	0.24
Diet-Placebo	84.5 ± 18.7	88.4 ± 18.1	+ 3.9 ± 25.6	0.24
p between groups²	0.77	0.77
Omega 3 intake (g)
Placebo	0.4 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.7	+ 0.08 ± 0.6	0.47
Diet-Fish	0.4 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.7	+ 0.15 ± 0.7	0.47
Diet-Placebo	0.4 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 1.1	+ 0.36 ± 1.1	0.47
p between groups²	0.96	0.03
Omega 3 intake + supplement (g)
Placebo	0.4 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.7	+ 0.08 ± 0.6	0.47
Diet-Fish	0.4 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.73	+ 3.17 ± 0.7	< 0.001
Diet-Placebo	0.4 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 1.1	+ 0.36 ± 1.1	0.47
p between groups²	0.96	< 0.001
Ratio omega 6: omega 3 intake
Placebo	8.11 ± 4.25	6.45 ± 4.96	-1.65 ± 4.90	0.003
Diet-Fish	8.52 ± 5.00	6.08 ± 5.96	- 2.43 ± 7.68	0.003
Diet-Placebo	8.36 ± 5.67	5.95 ± 4.77	- 2.40 ± 6.89	0.003
p between groups²	0.98	0.98
Healthy eating index
Placebo	63.0 ± 13.3	64.6 ± 14.8	1.6 ± 13.3	0.22
Diet-Fish	66.4 ± 10.4	64.2 ± 11.7	-2.2 ± 11.2	0.22
Diet-Placebo	63.6 ± 12.1	69.1 ± 11.3	5.6 ± 13.3	0.22
p between groups²	0.64	0.64
Dietary inflammatory index
Placebo	2.4 ± 0.9	0.9 ± 1.1	-1.4 ± 1.1	< 0.001
Diet-Fish	2.2 ± 1.0	1.1 ± 1.2	-1.1 ± 1.0	< 0.001
Diet-Placebo	2.8 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 1.2	-1.8 ± 1.3	< 0.001
p between groups²	0.50	0.50
Physical exercise
METs (minutes/week)
Placebo	945.1 ± 2544.6	379.5 ± 409.4	-670.82 ± 2704.55	0.067
Diet-Fish	781.3 ± 1366.9	440.5 ± 532.6	-340.8 ± 1120.15	0.067
Diet-Placebo	817.91 ± 2167.3	660.11 ± 1786.8	-157.80 ± 821.22	0.067
p between groups²	0.882	0.882
METs(calories/day)
Placebo	166.33 ± 469.06	70.53 ± 82.38	-95.80 ± 508.69	0.084
Diet-Fish	140.56 ± 236.28	75.59 ± 94.88	- 64.97 ± 199.57	0.084
Diet-Placebo	156.60 ± 394.02	140.71 ± 365.58	-16.6 ± 201.50	0.084
p between groups²	0.756	0.756

Bold indicates p statistically significant (≤ 0.05)
Kcal: Kilocalories, P: Placebo, IPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire; METs: Metabolic Equivalents
¹ANOVA with repeated measures or Wilcoxon test (^a)
²ANOVA with repeated measures or Kruskal–Wallis test (^b)
^*The cutoff points for low appendicular lean mass that identifies sarcopenia was a grip strength less than 26 kg for men and less than 16 kg for women, according to the FNIH[34]

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