Table 1 Demographics and disease related features in 214 patients with lupus nephritis
Variable | |
|---|---|
Female; n (%) | 194 (90.6) |
Level of schooling; n (%) | |
Basic literacy | 23 (10.7) |
Elementary school | 33 (15.4) |
High school | 58 (27.1) |
College or higher | 12 (5.6) |
Unknown information | 88 (41.2) |
Racial distribution; n/total (%) | |
White | 31/146 (21.3) |
Non-white | 115/146 (78.7) |
Age at diagnosis of SLE; mean ± SD | 25.8 ± 8.9 |
Age at diagnosis of LN; mean ± SD | 27.3 ± 9.2 |
Time between SLE and LN diagnosis; median (IQR), months | 0 (0–19.5) |
Clinical manifestation; n (%) | |
Mucocutaneos | 158 (73.8) |
Arthritis | 176 (82.2) |
Serositis | 100 (46.7) |
Leukopenia/lymphopenia | 89 (41.5) |
Hemolytic anemia | 41 (19.1) |
Thrombocytopenia | 59 (27.5) |
Neuropsychiatric | 40 (18.6) |
Unknown | 4 (1.9) |
Comorbidities; n (%) | |
Arterial hypertension | 133 (62.1) |
Diabetes | 14 (6.5) |
Thrombosis | 24 (11.2) |
Biomarkers at diagnosis; n/total (%) | |
Antinuclear antibodies | 203/214 (95) |
Anti dsDNA | 47/81 (58) |
Anti Sm | 30/77 (38.9) |
Low levels of C3 and/or C4 | 100/128 (78.2) |
Lupus anticoagulant | 28/106 (26.4) |
Anticardiolipin | 14/90 (15.5) |
Serum creatinine at diagnosis of LN; mean ± SD, mg/dL | 1.45 ± 1.28 |
Proteinuria 24 h at diagnosis of LN; mean ± SD, mg | 2903.9 ± 3051.3 |
Serum albumin at diagnosis of LN; mean ± SD, g/dL | 2.51 ± 0.78 |
eGFR; mean ± SD (ml/min/1.73m2) | 77.5 ± 40.9 |
Dialysis at diagnosis of LN; n/total (%) | 12/192 (6.2) |
Histological classification of LN (122 patients) | |
III; n/total (%) | 22/102 (21.6) |
IV; n/total (%) | 55/102 (53.9) |
V; n/total (%) | 14/102 (13.7) |
Activity index; mean ± SD | 7.6 ± 4.4 |
Chronicity index; mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 1.9 |
First treatment to induction of remission; n/total (%) | |
Intravenous cyclophosphamide | 108/194 (55.6) |
Azathioprine | 65/194 (33.5) |
Mycophenolate mofetil | 21/194 (10.8) |
Follow-up duration; mean ± SD, years | 11.2 ± 7.2 |
Complete remission after first induction of remission treatment; n/total (%) | 39/214 (18.2) |
Partial remission after first induction of remission treatment; n/total (%) | 7/214 (3.3) |
Time to achieve CR or PR; median (IQR), months | 12 (6–28) |
Renal relapses; n/total (%) | 81/208 (38.9) |
Chronic kidney disease; n/total (%) | 44/197 (22.3) |
Time to develop CKD; median (IQR), months | 60 (12–141) |
End-stage renal disease; n/total (%) | 49/197 (24.8) |
Time to develop ESRD; median (IQR), months | 72 (20–150) |
Death; n/total (%) | 20/150 (13.3) |
SLICC/ACR-DI (at the end of follow-up); mean ± SD | 2.1 ± 2.0 |