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Table 5 Association between RA activity/disability and depression (n = 490)

From: Depression is associated with increased disease activity and higher disability in a large Italian cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Disease activity and disability indices

Total sample (n = 490)

Depression according to HADS-D (cut-off ≥ 11)

p-value (Chi-square or t test)

Not depressed (n = 420)

Depressed (n = 70)

DAS28-CRP, mean (sd)

2.9 (1.1)

2.8 (1.1)

3.2 (0.9)

0.007

DAS28-CRP, n (%)

Remission

231 (47.1%)

209 (49.7%)

22 (31.4%)

0.008

Low

82 (16.7%)

71 (16.9%)

11 (15.8%)

Moderate

160 (32.7%)

125 (29.8%)

35 (50.0%)

High

17 (3.5%)

15 (3.6%)

2 (2.8%)

SDAI, mean (sd)

13.4 (8.2)

12.9 (8.2)

16.3 (7.5)

0.001

SDAI, n (%)

Remission

34 (6.9%)

32 (7.6%)

2 (2.8%)

0.001

Low

176 (35.9%)

163 (38.8%)

13 (18.6%)

Moderate

243 (49.6%)

193 (46.0%)

50 (71.4%)

High

37 (7.6%)

32 (7.6%)

5 (7.1%)

CDAI, mean (sd)

12.9 (8.0)

12.3 (8.0)

15.9 (7.4)

0.001

CDAI, n (%)

Remission

32 (6.5%)

30 (7.1%)

2 (2.8%)

0.001

Low

184 (37.6%)

171 (40.8%)

13 (18.6%)

Moderate

223 (45.5%)

177 (42.1%)

46 (65.7%)

High

51 (10.4%)

42 (10.0%)

9 (12.9%)

HAQ, mean (sd)

0.8 (0.7)

0.7 (0.7)

1.2 (0.7)

 < 0.001

HAQ, n (%)

Mild

133 (27.1%)

125 (29.8%)

8 (11.4%)

 < 0.001

Moderate

220 (44.9%)

193 (46.0%)

27 (38.6%)

Severe

109 (22.2%)

84 (20.0%)

25 (35.7%)

Very severe

28 (5.7%)

18 (4.2%)

10 (14.3%)

  1. DAS28 28-joint Disease Activity Score; SDAI Simplified Disease Activity Index; CDAI Clinical Disease Activity Index; HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaires
  2. DAS28-CRP: remission if ≤ 2.19, low if between 2.19 and 2.60, moderate if between 2.60 and 4.07, high if > 4.07
  3. SDAI: remission if ≤ 3.3, low if between 3.3 and 11, moderate if between 11 and 26, high if > 26
  4. CDAI: remission if ≤ 2.8, low if between 2.8 and 10, moderate if between 10 and 22, high if > 22
  5. HAQ: mild disability if ≤ 0.1, moderate disability if between 0.1 and 1, severe disability if between 1 and 2, very severe disability if > 2