Table 2 Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review
From: Intestinal microbiota and active systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review
Author/year Location | Type of Study | Participants | Gender | Method of Microbial Analysis | SLEDAI cut-off score used to define active SLE | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chen et al. 2020 China | prospective cohort | 117 patients with untreated SLE, 52 patients with SLE post-treatment; 115 healthy controls. | Female and Male | DNA of stool samples using RNAr 16S sequencing | Not informed | • Disease activity and microbial diversity decreased significantly after treatment. • ↓ microbial richness and uniformity in untreated SLE compared with control group. • Seven species1 of markers enriched in patients with untreated SLE and reduced after treatment. • Post-treatment microbial composition is more similar to that in control group. |
He et al. 2016 China | cross-sectional | 45 patients untreated SLE and 48 healthy controls | Female | DNA of stool sample using RNAr 16S sequencing | Not informed | • ↑ phyla: Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. • ↓ phyla: Firmicutes in individuals with untreated SLE. |
Li et al. 2019 China | prospective cohort | 19 patients with SLE in activity, 21 in remission, and 22 healthy controls. | Female | DNA of stool sample using RNAr 16S sequencing | Active SLE patients: SLEDAI ≥8 | • Dysbiosis and constitution of microbial community was different in SLE in activity and SLE in remission, however, microbial diversity is the same. • ↓ Bifidobacterium genus and Ruminococcus.gnavus species in active SLE when compared with SLE in remission. • ↑ six genera2 as well as Proteobacteria phylum in SLE in activity compared to healthy controls. • Lactobacillus genus associated with more serious diseases. |
Luo et al. 2018 USA | prospective cohort | 14 patients with SLE in activity and 17 healthy controls | Female and Male | DNA of stool sample using RNAr 16S sequencing | Active SLE patients: SLEDAI ≥8 | • ↓ microbial diversity in SLE in activity. • ↑ Proteobacteria phylum, ↑ Odoribacter and Blautia genera and an unnamed genus (Rikenellaceae family) in SLE in activity. • Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratios did not differ in microbiota between SLE and non-SLE. |
Hevia et al. 2014 Spain | cross-sectional | 20 patients with SLE in remission and 20 healthy controls | Female | DNA of stool sample using RNAr 16S sequencing | Active SLE patients: SLEDAI ≥8 | • Dysbiosis in SLE in activity compared to SLE in remission • ↑ three genera3 and Bacteroidetes phylum, ↓Firmicutes ratio in patients with SLE in remission. • ↑ Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in healthy controls |