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Table 3 Subgroup analysis of HCY levels in AS

From: Association of homocysteine with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Subgroups

 

N

SMD (95% CI)

Z

P

Heterogeneity test

     

P

I2 (%)

Region

Asia

4

0.974 (−0.573, 2.521)

1.23

0.217

< 0.001

98.1%

Asia + Europe (Turkey)

3

0.018 (− 0.661, 0.698)

0.05

0.958

< 0.001

91.4%

Europe/America

2

0.148 (−0.484, 0.780)

0.46

0.646

0.055

73.0%

Combined

9

0.463 (−0.300, 1.226)

1.19

0.234

< 0.001

97.3%

Sample size

≥ 50

6

0.708 (−0.283, 1.700)

1.40

0.162

< 0.001

98.1%

<  50

2

−0.269 (− 0.632, 0.093)

1.46

0.145

0.891

0.0%

Combined

8

0.471 (−0.355, 1.298)

1.12

0.264

< 0.001

97.6%

Disease activity

active

3

0.048 (−0.904, 1.000)

0.10

0.921

< 0.001

92.0%

inactive

3

0.078 (−0.733, 0.889)

0.19

0.851

< 0.001

89.0%

Combined

6

0.059 (−0.488, 0.606)

0.21

0.833

< 0.001

88.5%

Smoking

Smoker

1

0.497 (−0.066, 1.060)

1.73

0.084

NA

NA

Non-smoker

1

0.201 (−0.355, 0.757)

0.71

0.478

NA

NA

Combined

2

0.347 (−0.048, 0.743)

1.72

0.085

0.464

0.0%

MTHFR C677T genotype

CC

2

1.599 (−0.864, 4.062)

1.27

0.203

< 0.001

98.1%

CT

2

1.693(−1.256, 4.642)

1.13

0.260

< 0.001

97.7%

TT

2

2.771(−1.141, 6.682)

1.39

0.165

< 0.001

92.2%

Combined

6

1.992 (0.663, 3.320)

2.94

0.003

< 0.001

95.7%

Treatment

NSAIDs

2

−0.365(− 1.020, 0.291)

1.09

0.275

0.092

64.8%

SSZ

2

0.024 (−0.872, 0.920)

0.05

0.958

0.003

88.7%

SSZ + MTX

1

0.915 (0.312, 1.518)

2.97

0.003

NA

NA

Anti-TNF-α

1

−0.774 (−1.163, − 0.385)

3.90

< 0.001

NA

NA

Combined

6

−0.094 (− 0.634, 0.445)

0.34

0.732

0.000

87.7%

  1. HCY Homocysteine, NA Not available, MTHFR Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SSZ Sulfasalazine, MTX Methotrexate, TNF Tumor necrosis factor