Table 1 General Characteristics of Eligible Websites

Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges

https://aanmc.org/

Professional

Osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout

Diet, exercise, tai chi, supplements, herbs, chiropractic, hydrotherapy, body work

Pharmaceuticals, steroid injections, surgery

Yes

American College of Rheumatology

https://www.rheumatology.org/

Non-Profit

Multiple types

Herbs, supplements, acupuncture

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

Arthritis Australia

https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/

Non-Profit

Multiple types

Acupuncture, massage, aromatherapy, vitamins, supplements, herbs

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

Arthritis Foundation

https://www.arthritis.org/

Non-Profit

Multiple types

Supplements, vitamins, acupuncture, massage, tai chi, yoga, weight loss, physical therapy, topical gels, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, relaxation therapy, energy healing

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

Arthritis Health

https://www.arthritis-health.com/

Health Portal

Ankylosing spondylitis, bursitis, fibromyalgia, general arthritis, gout, juvenile arthritis, osteoarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, pseudogout, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis

Heat/cold, acupuncture, reiki healing, supplements, manual therapies, tai chi, yoga, massage, nutrition

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

Arthritis Society

https://arthritis.ca/

Non-Profit

Osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, general arthritis

Heat/cold, visualization, relaxation, massage, acupuncture, meditation/mindfulness, chiropractic, herbs, supplements

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

Arthritis South Australia

https://arthritissa.org.au/

Non-Profit

Ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia, gout, haemochromatotic arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, osteoarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, epidemic polyarthritis, scleroderma, sjögren’s syndrome, spondyloarthritis,

Acupuncture, massage, aromatherapy, vitamins, herbs, minerals

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

BMI Healthcare

https://www.bmihealthcare.co.uk/

Professional

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, general arthritis

Acupuncture, aromatherapy, massage, reflexology, yoga

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

No

Center for Holistic Medicine

http://holistic-medicine.com/

Professional

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis

Hot/cold, diet, spinal decompression therapy, naprapathy, lasers, acupuncture

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

The Chalkboard Mag

https://thechalkboardmag.com/

News

Rheumatoid arthritis

Diet, herbs, meditation, yoga, mindfulness

Pharmaceuticals

No

Consumer Reports

https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/index.htm

Non-Profit

Osteoarthritis, general arthritis

Yoga, tai chi, supplements, acupuncture, massage, chiropractic, homeopathy, exercise, weight loss

No

Yes

Creaky Joints

https://creakyjoints.org

Other

Multiple types

Tai chi, acupuncture, yoga, exercise, massage, magnets, relaxation therapy, hydrotherapy, herbs, supplements, manipulation, chiropractic, weight management, physical therapy

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin

https://www.fammed.wisc.edu/

Professional

Osteoarthritis

Exercise, mind-body therapies, acupuncture, diet, supplements, massage

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

Dr. Weil

https://www.drweil.com/

Other

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, general arthritis

Exercise, relaxation techniques, hypnotherapy, diet, supplements

Pharmaceuticals

No

Everyday Health

https://www.everydayhealth.com/

News

Multiple types

Herbs, spices, supplements, acupuncture

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

Health

https://www.health.com/

News

Multiple types

Exercise, physical therapy, mind-body therapies, counselling, supplements, hot/cold, acupuncture, massage

Pharmaceuticals

No

Healthline

https://www.healthline.com/

Health Portal

Multiple types

Herbs, massage, heat/ice, exercise, tai chi, yoga, bath & soaking therapies, stress management/mind-body medicine (biofeedback & meditation), diet, vitamin supplements, acupuncture, supportive shoes, weight management, magnets

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

HealthLink British Columbia

https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/

Government

General arthritis

Supplements, vitamins, acupuncture, massage, topicals, tai chi, yoga

Pharmaceuticals, assistive devices

No

Integrative Medicine Center of Western Colorado

https://imcwc.com/

Professional

General arthritis

Herbs, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, oils

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

Integrated Medical Solutions of Knoxville

https://www.integratedmedicalsolutionsknox.com/

Professional

General arthritis

Exercise, chiropractic, diet, supplements, acupuncture

Injections

Yes

Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center

https://www.hopkinsarthritis.org/

Professional

Rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, osteoarthritis

Supplements, diet, acupuncture, magnets, hydrotherapy, homeopathy, tai chi, yoga, mind-body therapy, energy medicine

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

Markham Integrative Medicine

https://integrative-medicine.ca/

Other

Rheumatoid arthritis

Diet, supplements, herbs, sauna therapy

No

Yes

Mayo Clinic

https://www.mayoclinic.org/

Professional

Ankylosing spondylitis, gout, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis, thumb arthritis

Acupuncture, supplements, yoga, tai chi, massage, heat/cold

Pharmaceuticals, surgery, assistive devices

Yes

Medical News Today

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/

News

General arthritis

Aquatic exercise, tai chi, yoga, hot/cold therapy, mindfulness meditation, massage, supplements, diet, herbs

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

https://www.nccih.nih.gov/

Government

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout

Mind-body practices, supplements, herbs, acupuncture, massage, tai chi, yoga, relaxation therapies, diet

No

Yes

National Health Service United Kingdom

https://www.nhs.uk/

Government

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, cervical spondylosis, fibromyalgia, gout, psoriatic arthritis, enteropathic arthritis, reactive arthritis, secondary arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Diet, supplements, acupuncture, massage, chiropractic, osteopathy

Pharmaceuticals, injections, surgery

Yes

Nursing Times

https://www.nursingtimes.net/

News

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis

Acupuncture, homeopathy, herbs, osteopathy

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

Philadelphia Integrative Medicine

https://philly-im.com/

Professional

Rheumatoid arthritis

Mind-body techniques, nutrition, acupuncture, supplements, exercise, eliminating toxins

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

Praana

https://praanaim.com/

Commercial

Rheumatoid arthritis

Vitamins, exercise, diet, supplements, mind-body approach

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

Practical Pain Management

https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/

Health Portal

Fibromyalgia, inflammatory arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, osteoarthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica

Yoga, massage, dietary supplements, acupuncture, balneotherapy, mind-body therapies, chiropractic, relaxation techniques, prayer, naturopathy

Pharmaceuticals, injections, monitoring with lab tests

Yes

Robert Schad Naturopathic Clinic

https://rsnc.ca/

Professional

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis

Nutrition, supplements, herbs, traditional Chinese medicine, homeopathic medicine, physical medicine

No

No

Spine Universe

https://www.spineuniverse.com/

Health Portal

Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, osteoarthritis

Acupuncture, herbs, massage, relaxation, mind-body therapies

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

St. Luke’s Hospital

https://www.stlukes-stl.com/

Professional

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, fibromyalgia, scleroderma,

Supplements, herbs, acupuncture, chiropractic, physical therapy, hydrotherapy, homeopathy, yoga, tai chi, exercise

Pharmaceuticals, surgery, braces, splints

No

Up To Date

https://www.uptodate.com/

Health Portal

Inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritis

Acupuncture, mind-body techniques, exercise, diet, supplements, herbs, vitamins, homeopathy, magnets, mind-body therapies

Pharmaceuticals

Yes

University of Wisconsin-Madison Health

https://www.uwhealth.org/

Professional

General arthritis

Supplements, vitamins, acupuncture, massage, topicals, tai chi, yoga

Pharmaceuticals, assistive devices, surgery

No

Versus Arthritis

https://www.versusarthritis.org/

Non-Profit

Osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Diet, exercise, meditation, psychological exercises, acupuncture, yoga, body techniques, herbals

Pharmaceuticals, surgery

Yes

WebMD

https://www.webmd.com/

Health Portal

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, infectious arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, bone spurs, gout, systemic lupus

Heat/cold, magnets, acupuncture, aromatherapy, biofeedback, deep breathing, exercise, massage, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, tai chi, herbals, topical creams, gels, patches, visualization, yoga, supplements, chiropractic

Pharmaceuticals, injections, surgery

Yes

Zanjabee

http://www.zanjabee.com/

Professional

Osteoarthritis

Diet, exercise, relaxation techniques, heat/cold, acupuncture, massage, supplements, herbs, Ayurveda

Pharmaceuticals, injections, joint replacement/surgery

No