Table 1 – Demographic and clinical features, laboratory parameters, disease activity, damage scores and death rates comparison in childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (c-SLE) patients with and without early onset lupus nephritis (ELN)
Variables | n of cases 427 | cSLE with ELN | n of cases 419 | cSLE without ELN | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Onset age (y) | 11.6 ± 2.8 | 11.7 ± 3.2 | 0.65 | ||
0–6 y n (%) | 17 (3.9) | 21 (5) | 0.74 | ||
6–12 y n (%) | 206 (48.2) | 196 (46.7) | 0.74 | ||
> 12 y n (%) | 198 (46.3) | 194 (46.3) | 0.74 | ||
Female n (%) | 357 (83.6) | 360 (86) | 0.18 | ||
Caucasian n (%) | 407 | 274 (67.3) | 405 | 304 (72.5) | 0.03* |
Non-Caucasian n (%) | 407 | 133 (32.7) | 405 | 101 (24.9) | 0.03* |
SLEDAI-2 K (mean, SD) median | (20 ± 8) 20 | (12 ± 7) 11 | < 0.001* | ||
Acute renal failure (ARF) n (%) | 94 (22) | 0 | < 0.001* | ||
Chronic renal failure (CRF) n (%) | 17 (4) | 0 | 0.0002* | ||
Arterial hypertension n (%) | 181 (42.3) | 18 (4.2) | < 0.001* | ||
Haematuria n (%) | 309 (72.3) | 56 (13.36) | < 0.001* | ||
Pyuria n (%) | 223 (52.2) | 49 (11.7) | < 0.001* | ||
Urine Casts n (%) | 153 (35.8) | 21 (5) | < 0.001* | ||
Proteinuria n (%) | 191 (44.7) | 67 (16) | < 0.001* | ||
24 h Proteinuria (g/day) (mean, SD) | 191 | (1.5 ± 2.9) | 225 | (0.12 ± 0.18) | < 0.001* |
Low C3 n (%) | 301 | 198 (65.7) | 303 | 174 (57.4) | 0.01* |
Low C4 n (%) | 265 | 183 (69) | 280 | 183 (65.3) | 0.07 |
Low CH50 n (%) | 91 | 62 (68.1) | 54 | 35 (65) | 0.07 |
C3 (mg/dl) (mean, SD) | 301 | (60 ± 36) | 303 | (73 ± 38) | 0.05 |
C4 (mg/dl) (mean, SD) | 265 | (12 ± 14) | 280 | (12 ± 10) | 0.18 |
CH50 (U/ml) (mean, SD) | 91 | (87 ± 79) | 54 | (110 ± 84) | 0.07 |
ESR mm/h (mean, SD) | 343 | (42 ± 35) | 346 | (49 ± 32) | 0.02* |
CRP mg% (mean, SD) | 179 | (5 ± 7) | 217 | (4 ± 6) | 0.49 |
Anti-dsDNA antibodies n (%) | 381 | 286 (75) | 397 | 253 (63.7) | 0.0001* |
Anti-Sm antibodies n (%) | 312 | 106 (34) | 317 | 124 (39) | 0.14 |
Anti-RNP antibodies n (%) | 295 | 73 (24.7) | 298 | 79 (26.5) | 0.46 |
Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies n (%) | 280 | 88 (31.4) | 298 | 93 (31.2) | 0.88 |
Anti-La/SSB antibodies n (%) | 274 | 37 (13.5) | 290 | 41 (14) | 0.90 |
SLICC/DI (range) median | (0–9) 1 | (0–3) 0 | 0.004* | ||
Disease duration (y) (mean, SD) | (4.2 ± 3.6) | (4.2 ± 3.5) | 0.80 | ||
Death n (%) | 404 | 99 (24) | 419 | 18 (4) | < 0.0001* |