Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of APS patients included, according to HD diagnosis
From: Anorectal diseases in patients with Antiphospholipid syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Hemorrhoidal Disease (N = 17) | No Hemorrhoidal Disease (N = 24) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Female gender (N, %) | 17 (100%) | 24 (100%) | – |
Age (Median, IQR) | 49 (39–53) | 41.5 (33.25–45) | 0.09 |
Risk factors possibly related to HD | |||
Body Mass Index (Median, IQR) | 29.9 (25.8–35.2) | 28.57 (25.14–30.99) | 0.223 |
Obesity (N, %) | 8 (47.1%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.241 |
Pregnancy (ever; N,%) | 15 (88.2%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.067 |
Constipation (N,%) | 9 (52.9%) | 6 (25%) | 0.067 |
Family history of HD (N,%) | 8 (47.1%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.241 |
APS clinical and serological characteristics | |||
Arterial thrombosis (N,%) | 7 (41.2%) | 8 (33.3%) | 0.607 |
Venous thrombosis (N,%) | 11 (64.7%) | 16 (66.7%) | 0.896 |
Lupus anticoagulant (N,%) | 13 (76.5%) | 14 (58.3%) | 0.130 |
Anticardiolipin (N,%) | 4 (23.5%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.355 |
Anti-ß2-glycoprotein I (N,%) | 5 (71.4%) | 7 (77.8%) | 0.771 |
Triple positivity (N,%) | 1 (5.9%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.715 |
Anorectal symptoms/signs | |||
Rectal exteriorization during defecation | 15 (88.2%) | 13 (54.2%) | 0.021* |
Increased evacuation effort | 11 (64.7%) | 11 (45.8%) | 0.233 |
Anal discomfort | 8 (47.1%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.035* |
Pain during defecation | 6 (35.3%) | 9 (37.5%) | 0.885 |
Anal burning | 6 (35.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.171 |
Plicoma | 5 (29.4%) | 11 (45.8%) | 0.288 |
Bleeding | 5 (29.4%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.178 |
Anal itching | 4 (23.5%) | 5 (20.8%) | 0.837 |
Anal Fissure | 1 (5.9%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.299 |