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Table 2 Prevalence of clinical and immunological criterion of Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Classification Criteria in 122 cSLE cases and 89 controls, at baseline/first visit and 1-year-follow-up

From: Comparison among ACR1997, SLICC and the new EULAR/ACR classification criteria in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Criterion

Cases

Controls

P value

Cases

Controls

P value

Baseline/First visit

Baseline/First visit

1-year follow-up

1-year follow-up

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Acute cutaneous lupus

60 (49.2)

22 (24.7)

<  0.001

80 (65.6)

30 (33.7)

<  0.001

 Malar rash

45 (36.9)

17 (19.1)

0.006

64 (52.5)

26 (29.2)

0.001

 Photosensitive lupus rash

29 (23.8)

14 (15.7)

0.169

34 (27.9)

16 (18.0)

0.104

 Subacute cutaneous lupus

18 (14.8)

1 (1.1)

< 0.001

21 (17.2)

1 (1.1)

<  0.001

Chronic cutaneous lupus

13 (10.7)

1 (1.1)

0.005

16 (13.1)

1 (1.1)

0.001

 Discoid rash

13 (10.7)

1 (1.1)

0.005

15 (12.3)

1 (1.1)

0.003

Oral ulcers

44 (36.1)

11 (12.4)

<  0.001

64 (52.5)

12 (13.5)

<  0.001

Alopecia

52 (42.6)

12 (6.8)

<  0.001

54 (44.3)

14 (9.1)

<  0.001

Synovitis

96 (78.7)

59 (66.3)

0.058

107 (87.7)

65 (73.0)

0.011

Serositis

30 (24.6)

3 (3.4)

<  0.001

41 (33.6)

4 (4.5)

<  0.001

 Pleuritis

22 (18.0)

2 (2.3)

<  0.001

32 (26.2)

3 (3.4)

<  0.001

 Pericarditis

8 (6.6)

0

0.022

9 (7.4)

2 (2.3)

0.124

Renal disorder

33 (27.0)

1 (1.1)

<  0.001

49 (40.2)

2 (2.3)

<  0.001

 Proteinuria

33 (27.0)

1 (1.1)

<  0.001

49 (40.2)

2 (2.3)

<  0.001

 Red blood cell casts

10 (8.2)

0

<  0.001

15 (12.3)

1 (1.1)

<  0.001

Neuropsychiatric

10 (8.2)

1 (1.1)

0.027

23 (18.9)

1 (1.1)

<  0.001

 Seizures

5 (4.1)

0

0.075

17 (13.9)

0

<  0.001

 Psychosis

2 (1.6)

0

0.510

6 (4.9)

0

0.041

 Myelitis

1 (0.8)

0

0.999

3 (2.5)

0

0.265

 Confusional state

1 (0.8)

0

0.999

1 (0.8)

0

0.999

Hemolytic anemia

44 (36.1)

4 (4.5)

<  0.001

61 (50.0)

4 (4.5)

<  0.001

Leukopenia/lymphopenia

39 (32.0)

(10.1)

<  0.001

53 (43.4)

11 (12.4)

<  0.001

Thrombocytopenia

18 (14.8)

4 (4.5)

0.021

20 (16.4)

4 (4.5)

0.008

Anti-dsDNA

46 (37.7)

4 (4.5)

<  0.001

65 (53.3)

5 (5.6)

<  0.001

Anti-Sm

29 (23.8)

5 (5.6)

<  0.001

38 (31.1)

5 (5.6)

<  0.001

Antiphospholipid

30 (24.6)

5 (5.6)

<  0.001

38 (31.1)

4 (4.5)

<  0.001

 Anticardiolipin IgM

11 (9.0)

2 (2.3)

0.047

12 (9.8)

2 (2.3)

0.046

 Anticardiolipin IgG

23 (18.9)

2 (2.3)

<  0.001

27 (22.1)

3 (2.5)

<  0.001

 Lupus anticoagulant

6 (4.9)

5 (5.6)

0.999

8 (6.6)

5 (5.6)

0.999

 Anti-β2 GPI I IgM

3/61 (4.9)

1/42 (2.4)

0.644

3/61(4.9)

1/42(2.4)

0.644

 Anti- β2 GPI I IgG

3/61 (4.9)

2/42 (4.9)

0.999

3/61(4.9)

2/42(4.9)

0.999

 False-positive VDRL

4 (3.3)

1 (1.1)

0.4

4 (3.3)

1 (1.1)

0.4

Low complement

69 (56.6)

4 (4.5)

<  0.001

74 (60.7)

5 (5.6)

<  0.001

Direct Coombs test

34 (27.9)

6 (6.7)

<  0.001

38 (31.1)

6 (6.7)

<  0.001

  1. The Pearson chi-square test analyzed differences between proportions, and the difference was regarded as statistically significant when p < 0.05
  2. No patients had toxic epidermal necrolysis, hypertrophic lupus, mucosal lupus, lupus tumidus, and chilblains lupus. One cSLE case had bullous lupus, another one cSLE had panniculitis, and one control had mononeuritis multiplex at 1-year-follow-up. Anti-β2 glycoprotein-I IgM and IgG were tested in 61/122 (50%) cSLE cases and 42/89 (47.2%) controls, at baseline/first visit and 1-year-follow-up