Characteristic
|
Total (n = 2269)
|
Males (n = 684)
|
Females (n = 1585)
|
P value
|
---|
Mean or n
|
SD
|
%
|
Mean or n
|
SD
|
%
|
Mean or n
|
SD
|
%
|
---|
Race
| | | | | | | | | |
0.16
|
White
|
1072
|
–
|
47.2
|
308
|
–
|
45.0
|
764
|
–
|
48.2
| |
Non-white
|
1197
|
–
|
52.8
|
376
|
–
|
55.0
|
821
|
–
|
51.8
| |
Age group
| | | | | | | | | |
0.03a
|
40–50 years
|
785
|
–
|
34.6
|
249
|
–
|
36.4
|
536
|
–
|
33.8
| |
51–60 years
|
443
|
–
|
19.5
|
152
|
–
|
22.2
|
291
|
–
|
18.4
| |
61–70 years
|
418
|
–
|
18.4
|
114
|
–
|
16.7
|
304
|
–
|
19.2
| |
≥ 71 years
|
623
|
–
|
27.5
|
169
|
–
|
24.7
|
454
|
–
|
28.6
| |
Social classd
| | | | | | | | | |
0.03b
|
AB
|
314
|
–
|
13.8
|
109
|
–
|
15.9
|
205
|
–
|
12.9
| |
C
|
735
|
–
|
32.4
|
234
|
–
|
34.2
|
501
|
–
|
31.6
| |
DE
|
1220
|
–
|
53.8
|
341
|
–
|
49.9
|
879
|
–
|
55.5
| |
Geographic region
| | | | | | | | | |
0.88
|
North
|
297
|
–
|
13.1
|
94
|
–
|
13.7
|
203
|
–
|
12.8
| |
Northeast
|
475
|
–
|
20.9
|
136
|
–
|
19.9
|
339
|
–
|
21.4
| |
Central-West
|
330
|
–
|
14.5
|
102
|
–
|
14.9
|
228
|
–
|
14.4
| |
South
|
372
|
–
|
16.4
|
116
|
–
|
17.0
|
256
|
–
|
16.2
| |
Southeast
|
705
|
–
|
35.0
|
236
|
–
|
34.5
|
559
|
–
|
35.3
| |
Area
| | | | | | | | | |
0.68
|
Metropolitan
|
1103
|
–
|
48.6
|
328
|
–
|
48.0
|
775
|
–
|
48.9
| |
Interior
|
1166
|
–
|
51.4
|
356
|
–
|
52.0
|
810
|
–
|
51.1
| |
Marital status
| | | | | | | | | |
< 0.001c
|
Single
|
245
|
–
|
10.8
|
70
|
–
|
10.2
|
175
|
–
|
11
| |
Married
|
1240
|
–
|
54.6
|
478
|
–
|
69.9
|
762
|
–
|
48.1
| |
Widowed
|
585
|
–
|
25.8
|
82
|
–
|
12.0
|
503
|
–
|
31.7
| |
Divorced
|
199
|
–
|
8.7
|
54
|
–
|
7.9
|
145
|
–
|
9.2
| |
Alcohol consumption
| | | | | | | | | |
< 0.001
|
Yes
|
621
|
–
|
27.3
|
295
|
–
|
43.1
|
326
|
–
|
20.6
| |
No
|
1648
|
–
|
72.6
|
389
|
–
|
56.9
|
1259
|
–
|
79.4
| |
Mean
|
2.22
|
4.6
| |
4.15
|
6.45
| |
1.38
|
3.17
|
3.17
|
< 0.001
|
Smoking status
| | | | | | | | | |
< 0.001
|
Current smoker
|
438
|
–
|
19.3
|
166
|
–
|
24.3
|
272
|
–
|
17.2
| |
Past
|
723
|
–
|
31.9
|
269
|
–
|
39.4
|
453
|
–
|
28.6
| |
Never
|
1108
|
–
|
48.8
|
248
|
–
|
36.3
|
860
|
–
|
54.3
| |
Cigarettes/day
|
15.12
|
15.50
|
–
|
17.64
|
14.26
|
–
|
13.6
|
16.07
|
–
|
< 0.001
|
Age started (years)
|
18.05
|
11.50
|
–
|
15.64
|
6.87
|
–
|
19.5
|
13.40
|
–
|
< 0.001
|
Age quit (years)
|
42.75
|
16.50
|
–
|
41.38
|
14.98
|
–
|
43.5730
|
45
|
–
|
0.23
|
Low impact Fractures
| | | | | | | | | |
0.006
|
Yes
|
205
|
–
|
9.0
|
79
|
–
|
11.5
|
126
|
–
|
7.9
| |
No
|
2064
|
–
|
91.0
|
605
|
–
|
88.5
|
1459
|
–
|
92.1
| |
Diabetes Mellitus
|
236
|
–
|
7.4
|
64
|
–
|
9.4
|
172
|
–
|
10.9
|
0.28
|
Hypertension
|
790
|
–
|
24.6
|
197
|
–
|
28.8
|
593
|
–
|
37.4
|
< 0.001
|
Dyslipidemia
|
175
|
–
|
5.5
|
30
|
–
|
4.4
|
145
|
–
|
9.1
|
< 0.001
|
Osteoporosis
|
214
|
–
|
6.7
|
21
|
–
|
3.1
|
193
|
–
|
12.2
|
< 0.001
|
Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
259
|
–
|
8.1
|
34
|
–
|
5.0
|
225
|
–
|
14.2
|
< 0.001
|
Cancer
|
31
|
–
|
1.0
|
10
|
–
|
1.5
|
21
|
–
|
1.3
|
0.8
|
Gastritis
|
313
|
–
|
13.8
|
71
|
–
|
10.4
|
242
|
–
|
15.3
|
0.002
|
Drug therapy
|
NSAIDse
|
85
|
–
|
3.7
|
13
|
–
|
1.9
|
72
|
–
|
4.5
|
0.002
|
Statins
|
35
|
–
|
1.5
|
5
|
–
|
0.7
|
30
|
–
|
1.9
|
0.04
|
Corticoids
|
94
|
–
|
4.1
|
26
|
–
|
3.8
|
68
|
–
|
4.3
|
0.81
|
HRTf
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
97
|
–
|
6.1
| |
- SD Standard deviation
- aDifference was observed on 51 – 60 age group (p = 0.033), using Bonferroni correction
- bD and E classes had more frequency than the other social classes (p=0.014)
- cMarried and widowed were majority in this study (p<0.001)
- dClasses A and B (earning 15 times more than minimum wages), C (3 to 5 times minimum wage), and D and E (1 to 3 times minimum wage)
- eNSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- fHRT hormone replacement therapy