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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants – The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study

From: Lack of association between dietary inflammatory index and low impact fractures in the Brazilian population: the Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS)

Characteristic Total (n = 2269) Males (n = 684) Females (n = 1585) P value
Mean or n SD % Mean or n SD % Mean or n SD %
Race           0.16
 White 1072 – 47.2 308 – 45.0 764 – 48.2  
 Non-white 1197 – 52.8 376 – 55.0 821 – 51.8  
Age group           0.03a
 40–50 years 785 – 34.6 249 – 36.4 536 – 33.8  
 51–60 years 443 – 19.5 152 – 22.2 291 – 18.4  
 61–70 years 418 – 18.4 114 – 16.7 304 – 19.2  
 ≥ 71 years 623 – 27.5 169 – 24.7 454 – 28.6  
Social classd           0.03b
 AB 314 – 13.8 109 – 15.9 205 – 12.9  
 C 735 – 32.4 234 – 34.2 501 – 31.6  
 DE 1220 – 53.8 341 – 49.9 879 – 55.5  
Geographic region           0.88
 North 297 – 13.1 94 – 13.7 203 – 12.8  
 Northeast 475 – 20.9 136 – 19.9 339 – 21.4  
 Central-West 330 – 14.5 102 – 14.9 228 – 14.4  
 South 372 – 16.4 116 – 17.0 256 – 16.2  
 Southeast 705 – 35.0 236 – 34.5 559 – 35.3  
Area           0.68
 Metropolitan 1103 – 48.6 328 – 48.0 775 – 48.9  
 Interior 1166 – 51.4 356 – 52.0 810 – 51.1  
Marital status           < 0.001c
 Single 245 – 10.8 70 – 10.2 175 – 11  
 Married 1240 – 54.6 478 – 69.9 762 – 48.1  
 Widowed 585 – 25.8 82 – 12.0 503 – 31.7  
 Divorced 199 – 8.7 54 – 7.9 145 – 9.2  
Alcohol consumption           < 0.001
 Yes 621 – 27.3 295 – 43.1 326 – 20.6  
 No 1648 – 72.6 389 – 56.9 1259 – 79.4  
 Mean 2.22 4.6   4.15 6.45   1.38 3.17 3.17 < 0.001
Smoking status           < 0.001
 Current smoker 438 – 19.3 166 – 24.3 272 – 17.2  
 Past 723 – 31.9 269 – 39.4 453 – 28.6  
 Never 1108 – 48.8 248 – 36.3 860 – 54.3  
 Cigarettes/day 15.12 15.50 – 17.64 14.26 – 13.6 16.07 – < 0.001
 Age started (years) 18.05 11.50 – 15.64 6.87 – 19.5 13.40 – < 0.001
 Age quit (years) 42.75 16.50 – 41.38 14.98 – 43.5730 45 – 0.23
Low impact Fractures           0.006
 Yes 205 – 9.0 79 – 11.5 126 – 7.9  
 No 2064 – 91.0 605 – 88.5 1459 – 92.1  
 Diabetes Mellitus 236 – 7.4 64 – 9.4 172 – 10.9 0.28
 Hypertension 790 – 24.6 197 – 28.8 593 – 37.4 < 0.001
 Dyslipidemia 175 – 5.5 30 – 4.4 145 – 9.1 < 0.001
 Osteoporosis 214 – 6.7 21 – 3.1 193 – 12.2 < 0.001
 Rheumatoid Arthritis 259 – 8.1 34 – 5.0 225 – 14.2 < 0.001
 Cancer 31 – 1.0 10 – 1.5 21 – 1.3 0.8
 Gastritis 313 – 13.8 71 – 10.4 242 – 15.3 0.002
Drug therapy
 NSAIDse 85 – 3.7 13 – 1.9 72 – 4.5 0.002
 Statins 35 – 1.5 5 – 0.7 30 – 1.9 0.04
 Corticoids 94 – 4.1 26 – 3.8 68 – 4.3 0.81
 HRTf – – – – – – 97 – 6.1  
  1. SD Standard deviation
  2. aDifference was observed on 51 – 60 age group (p = 0.033), using Bonferroni correction
  3. bD and E classes had more frequency than the other social classes (p=0.014)
  4. cMarried and widowed were majority in this study (p<0.001)
  5. dClasses A and B (earning 15 times more than minimum wages), C (3 to 5 times minimum wage), and D and E (1 to 3 times minimum wage)
  6. eNSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  7. fHRT hormone replacement therapy
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