Lack of association between dietary inflammatory index and low impact fractures in the Brazilian population: the Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS)

Morimoto, Melissa; Shivappa, Nitin; de Souza Genaro, Patricia; Martini, Lígia Araújo; Schuch, Natielen Jacques; Hebert, James R.; Pinheiro, Marcelo Medeiros

doi:10.1186/s42358-019-0059-7

Advances in Rheumatology

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants – The Brazilian Osteoporosis Study

From: Lack of association between dietary inflammatory index and low impact fractures in the Brazilian population: the Brazilian Osteoporosis Study (BRAZOS)

Characteristic	Total (n = 2269)			Males (n = 684)			Females (n = 1585)			P value
Characteristic	Mean or n	SD	%	Mean or n	SD	%	Mean or n	SD	%	P value
Race										0.16
White	1072	–	47.2	308	–	45.0	764	–	48.2
Non-white	1197	–	52.8	376	–	55.0	821	–	51.8
Age group										0.03^a
40–50 years	785	–	34.6	249	–	36.4	536	–	33.8
51–60 years	443	–	19.5	152	–	22.2	291	–	18.4
61–70 years	418	–	18.4	114	–	16.7	304	–	19.2
≥ 71 years	623	–	27.5	169	–	24.7	454	–	28.6
Social class^d										0.03^b
AB	314	–	13.8	109	–	15.9	205	–	12.9
C	735	–	32.4	234	–	34.2	501	–	31.6
DE	1220	–	53.8	341	–	49.9	879	–	55.5
Geographic region										0.88
North	297	–	13.1	94	–	13.7	203	–	12.8
Northeast	475	–	20.9	136	–	19.9	339	–	21.4
Central-West	330	–	14.5	102	–	14.9	228	–	14.4
South	372	–	16.4	116	–	17.0	256	–	16.2
Southeast	705	–	35.0	236	–	34.5	559	–	35.3
Area										0.68
Metropolitan	1103	–	48.6	328	–	48.0	775	–	48.9
Interior	1166	–	51.4	356	–	52.0	810	–	51.1
Marital status										< 0.001^c
Single	245	–	10.8	70	–	10.2	175	–	11
Married	1240	–	54.6	478	–	69.9	762	–	48.1
Widowed	585	–	25.8	82	–	12.0	503	–	31.7
Divorced	199	–	8.7	54	–	7.9	145	–	9.2
Alcohol consumption										< 0.001
Yes	621	–	27.3	295	–	43.1	326	–	20.6
No	1648	–	72.6	389	–	56.9	1259	–	79.4
Mean	2.22	4.6		4.15	6.45		1.38	3.17	3.17	< 0.001
Smoking status										< 0.001
Current smoker	438	–	19.3	166	–	24.3	272	–	17.2
Past	723	–	31.9	269	–	39.4	453	–	28.6
Never	1108	–	48.8	248	–	36.3	860	–	54.3
Cigarettes/day	15.12	15.50	–	17.64	14.26	–	13.6	16.07	–	< 0.001
Age started (years)	18.05	11.50	–	15.64	6.87	–	19.5	13.40	–	< 0.001
Age quit (years)	42.75	16.50	–	41.38	14.98	–	43.5730	45	–	0.23
Low impact Fractures										0.006
Yes	205	–	9.0	79	–	11.5	126	–	7.9
No	2064	–	91.0	605	–	88.5	1459	–	92.1
Diabetes Mellitus	236	–	7.4	64	–	9.4	172	–	10.9	0.28
Hypertension	790	–	24.6	197	–	28.8	593	–	37.4	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	175	–	5.5	30	–	4.4	145	–	9.1	< 0.001
Osteoporosis	214	–	6.7	21	–	3.1	193	–	12.2	< 0.001
Rheumatoid Arthritis	259	–	8.1	34	–	5.0	225	–	14.2	< 0.001
Cancer	31	–	1.0	10	–	1.5	21	–	1.3	0.8
Gastritis	313	–	13.8	71	–	10.4	242	–	15.3	0.002
Drug therapy
NSAIDs^e	85	–	3.7	13	–	1.9	72	–	4.5	0.002
Statins	35	–	1.5	5	–	0.7	30	–	1.9	0.04
Corticoids	94	–	4.1	26	–	3.8	68	–	4.3	0.81
HRT^f	–	–	–	–	–	–	97	–	6.1

SD Standard deviation
^aDifference was observed on 51 – 60 age group (p = 0.033), using Bonferroni correction
^bD and E classes had more frequency than the other social classes (p=0.014)
^cMarried and widowed were majority in this study (p<0.001)
^dClasses A and B (earning 15 times more than minimum wages), C (3 to 5 times minimum wage), and D and E (1 to 3 times minimum wage)
^eNSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
^fHRT hormone replacement therapy

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