From: Risk factors for cytomegalovirus disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a systematic review
RISK FACTOR | Positive correlation with CMV disease | Negative correlation with CMV disease | Neutral correlation with CMV disease | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | No. of supporting studies | Type of studies | No. of supporting studies | Type of studies | No. of supporting studies | Type of studies |
1. Demographics | ||||||
 Age |  |  |  |  | I II | CS CS |
 Age of disease onset |  |  |  |  | II | CS |
 Gender – Male |  |  | I | CS |  |  |
2. Clinical features including autoimmune disease characteristics | ||||||
 SLE disease duration | I | CS |  |  | II | CS |
 SLE disease score/severity |  |  |  |  | II | CS |
3. Laboratory characteristics | ||||||
 Bacterial pneumonia | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 BUN | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 CD4 count |  |  | I | CS |  |  |
 CD8 count |  |  |  |  | I | CS |
 Co-infection | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Creatinine |  |  | I | CS |  |  |
 Elevated ALP | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Elevated ALT | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Elevated AST |  |  |  |  | I | CS |
 Elevated CMV viral load | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Elevated CMV IgG levels | II | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Fungal infection | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 LDH | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Leukopenia |  |  |  |  | I | CS |
 Lymphopenia | I | CS |  |  | II | CS |
 Neutropenia |  |  |  |  | I | CS |
 Positive blood/sputum bacterial culture |  |  |  |  | II | CS |
 γ-GT | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
4. Treatment | ||||||
 Azathioprine | II | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Cyclosporine | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Cyclophosphamide | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Mycophenolate | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Immunosuppressants | I | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Prednisolone | II | CS |  |  |  |  |
 Duration of prednisolone use |  |  |  |  | I | CS |
 Prednisolone dose in last 3 months |  |  | II | CS |  |  |
 Glucocorticoid dose | I | CS |  |  |  |  |