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Table 2 Risk factors associated with CMV disease in the SLE population (2 studies)

From: Risk factors for cytomegalovirus disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a systematic review

RISK FACTOR

Positive correlation with CMV disease

Negative correlation with CMV disease

Neutral correlation with CMV disease

 

No. of supporting studies

Type of studies

No. of supporting studies

Type of studies

No. of supporting studies

Type of studies

1. Demographics

 Age

    

I

II

CS

CS

 Age of disease onset

    

II

CS

 Gender – Male

  

I

CS

  

2. Clinical features including autoimmune disease characteristics

 SLE disease duration

I

CS

  

II

CS

 SLE disease score/severity

    

II

CS

3. Laboratory characteristics

 Bacterial pneumonia

I

CS

    

 BUN

I

CS

    

 CD4 count

  

I

CS

  

 CD8 count

    

I

CS

 Co-infection

I

CS

    

 Creatinine

  

I

CS

  

 Elevated ALP

I

CS

    

 Elevated ALT

I

CS

    

 Elevated AST

    

I

CS

 Elevated CMV viral load

I

CS

    

 Elevated CMV IgG levels

II

CS

    

 Fungal infection

I

CS

    

 LDH

I

CS

    

 Leukopenia

    

I

CS

 Lymphopenia

I

CS

  

II

CS

 Neutropenia

    

I

CS

 Positive blood/sputum bacterial culture

    

II

CS

 γ-GT

I

CS

    

4. Treatment

 Azathioprine

II

CS

    

 Cyclosporine

I

CS

    

 Cyclophosphamide

I

CS

    

 Mycophenolate

I

CS

    

 Immunosuppressants

I

CS

    

 Prednisolone

II

CS

    

 Duration of prednisolone use

    

I

CS

 Prednisolone dose in last 3 months

  

II

CS

  

 Glucocorticoid dose

I

CS

    
  1. CS Cross sectional, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, ALP Alanine Phosphatase, ALT Alanine transaminase, AST Aspartate transaminase
  2. γ-GT Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)