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Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with SLE associated with PAH (SLE-PAH) or not associated with PAH (SLE-nPAH)

From: Nailfold capillaroscopy as a risk factor for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

 

SLE-nPAH n = 44

SLE-PAH n = 21

P-value

Age at SLE diagnosis (years)

31.2 ± 12.3

28.8 ± 10.2

0.411

Age at PAH diagnosis (years)

–

35.5 ± 11.8

–

Duration of disease at recruitment (years)

5.6 ± 3.2

6.7 ± 6.4

0.437

Female sex, n (%)

42 (95.5)

20 (95.2)

0.969

Smoker, n (%)

0 (0)

1 (4.8)

0.145

Ex-smoker, n (%)

4 (9.1)

1 (4.8)

0.295

ACR SLE criteria, n (%)

 Malar rash

34 (77.3)

13 (65)

0.303

 Photosensitivity

35 (79.5)

11 (55)

0.043

 Discoid rash

3 (6.8)

0 (0)

0.232

 Oral ulcers

7 (15.9)

4 (20)

0. 688

 Arthritis

41 (93.2)

14 (70)

0.013

 Serositis

2 (40%)

12 (60)

0.112

 Hematologic involvement

27 (61.4)

14 (70)

0.504

 Renal involvement

18 (40.9)

7 (35)

0.635

 Neuropsychiatric involvement

8 (18.2)

4 (20)

0.863

 ANA

44(100)

19 (90.4)

0.189

 Anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, or antiphospholipid

25 (56.8)

11 (57.9)

0.937

Raynaud’s phenomenon, n (%)

25 (56.8)

17 (81)

0.057

Livedo reticularis, n (%)

0 (0)

1 (4.8)

0.145

Arterial thrombosis, n (%)

0 (0)

1 (4.8)

0.145

Venous thrombosis, n (%)

7 (15.9)

5 (23.8)

0.443

SLEDAI

1.91 ± 3.16

2.56 ± 3.79

0.559

Pregnancy, n (%)

26 (59.1)

14 (66.7)

0.557

Miscarriage, n (%)

4 (9.1)

6 (28.6)

0.042

Anti-SM, n (%)

10 (22.7)

4 (23.5)

0.947

Anti-RNP, n (%)

19 (43.2)

11 (64.7)

0.132

Anti-Ro, n (%)

11 (25)

5 (29.4)

0.725

Anti-La, n (%)

5 (11.4)

2 (11.8)

0.965

Positive anti- aCL IgM, n (%)

3 (7)

2 (11.1)

0.591

Positive anti- aCL IgG, n (%)

7 (16.3)

3 (16.7)

0.970

Positive anti-dsDNA, n (%)

15 (34.1)

3 (17.6)

0.207

C2 (mg/dL)

91.4 ± 25.7

86.9 ± 29.8

0.690

CH100 (mg/dL)

91.5 ± 24.8

89.4 ± 30.2

0.957

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.5 ± 1.3

13.2 ± 1.5

0.138

Leukocytes (/mm3)

6.317 ± 3.120

6.149 ± 3.766

0.977

Lymphocytes (/mm3)

1.643 ± 899

1.477 ± 675

0.617

Platelets (/mm3)

251.295 ± 101.691

197.500 ± 68.534

0.028

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.73 ± 0.23

0.86 ± 0.36

0.077

CRP (mg/dL)

9.02 ± 14.3

12.10 ± 37.32

0.314

24-h urine protein (mg/kg/24 h)

0.36 ± 0.52

0.26 ± 0.25

0.785

  1. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or n (%). ACR American College of Rheumatology, ANA antinuclear antibodies, anti-aCL anticardiolipin, CRP C-reactive protein, nPAH no PAH, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index